The problem of environmental pollution , including human food and animal recently very relevant. Especially important in this regard, the control feed components on the content of heavy metals and radionuclides , which is held , unfortunately, quite rare. The academy conducted studies to determine heavy metals and long-lived radionuclides in rape and its derived products - butter and pasta.
Pasta production from rapeseed was first disbursed on off-farm enterprise " Promkorm " Polesski district of Kaliningrad Region in 1986, its production technology is patented .
Determination of tin, lead, cadmium, chromium , strontium , nickel, mercury and arsenic were performed on atomic emission spectrometer firm "Perkin Elmer". Samples were prepared by dry mineralization solutions - by acid digestion of the ash. In experiments involving collaboration between JSC "Akron" (Novgorod) . Definition of elements was carried out on the following wavelengths : Chrome - 205,552 nm , strontium - 407,771 , nickel - 231,604 , tin - 189,989 , lead - 220,353 , cadmium - 214,438 nm.
Content of cesium -134 , 137, and potassium -40 in feedstuffs and milk cows determined by methodical instructions USSR Ministry of Health in the Novgorod Center for Standardization, Metrology and Certification . When this was used for measuring complex gamma spectrum ( without preconditioning ) spectrometric detection unit ET- DB 20 N 56 P1 multichannel amplitude spectrum analyzer AMA ZB N 0844-91 MAT -286 computer and the program "Express" FTRI Institute .
In rapeseed , oil and pasta were observed mercury and arsenic as during the harvest season , and after seven years of storage at room temperature. Higher concentrations of strontium found in seed ( 3.41 and 3.39 mg / kg) and the paste ( 3.97 and 3.36 mg / kg). In rapeseed oil strontium concentration is 6-7 times lower than during the harvest season and 6.2 times lower after seven years of storage it without preservative.
In fresh rapeseed oil and after storage showed a maximum amount of tin ( 1.21 and 1.35 mg / kg), and nickel ( 1.69 and 1.62 mg / kg).
In the rapeseed oil containing less cadmium , chromium, strontium , and compared with pasta and seeds.
Long-term storage helped to reduce the concentration of cadmium in seeds - by 45.8 % , pasta - oil and 45.4 - 77.8 % ; chromium in the seeds - 80.7 and pasta - by 85.6 %.
During harvesting rapeseed varieties Quinta they contained 280 pCi / kg of cesium- 134, 137 and 7415 pCi / kg of potassium -40. In the rapeseed oil obtained by cold pressing method, seeds of the concentration was 97 and 298 respectively pCi / kg. Only through such a process of reception as cold pressing of rapeseed , there is a real opportunity to significantly reduce the concentration of radionuclides in oil ( cesium - 134, 137 by 2.9 times and potassium - 40 to 24.9 times) .
In the paste obtained after the mandatory freezing of seeds at 10 ... 30 ° C and subsequent compression of the radionuclide cesium content was 273 pCi / kg , ie decreased by only 2.5 % compared with the feedstock during the harvest season . However, the use of original technology allowed receiving 1.8 times lower in the paste radionuclide concentration of potassium -40.
Work was carried out to determine the concentration of long-lived radionuclides in these products through seven years of storage at room temperature without the use of preservatives. Seeds were stored in open plywood boxes , rapeseed oil - in plastic containers with the lid closed , and pasta - in glass jars with lids kapron . The concentration of radionuclides after the lifetime hraneniyavo all products decreased (see table) .
Inclusion in diets of cows during lactation reduce 20 ml of rapeseed oil and 30 g of paste per 1 head per day contributed to the elimination of the radionuclide cesium - 134, 137 in milk. However, doubling the dose of rapeseed oil led to a dramatic increase in the concentration of radioactive cesium milk ( 3-fold compared with the control group ) . Consequently, oil, and pasta are cleaners milk cows from the radionuclide cesium - 134, 137 in strict compliance with these doses feeding . This is due to the fact that the paste includes a considerable amount tioglyukozidov . The presence of iron in the oil , and the high concentration of linoleic acid contribute to the elimination of cesium- 134, 137 .
Using 40 g of zeolite and Slavskogo Polesski field regions of the field Kaliningrad per cow per day in admixture with other feed ration promoted a slight increase ( 16.7 % compared with the control group ), the concentration of cesium in the milk. However, increasing the dose to 60 g of zeolite reduced 1.7 times the content of radioactive cesium in milk .
Use 40 ml of rapeseed oil in mixtures with other dietary forage concentration contributed to a fivefold reduction of the potassium -40 in the milk ( 40 ratio of potassium - and cesium -134, 137 in this case was 0,29:1 ) .
When included in the diets of 20 ml of oil , 30 g of paste and 40 ... 60 g of zeolite per cow per day marked increase in the concentration of potassium -40 in milk during lactation attenuation of 1.6 ... 2.3 times compared with the control group . This was facilitated by a slight increase in nitrate content in milk .
